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1992-04-03
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163 lines
Disk Recovery
=============
I sincerely hope that you will never need to use the information
in this file, but include it just in case any mishaps occur whilst
SAFEPACK is running.
Due to the way that SAFEPACK is written, disruption of the program
at any stage should not affect the integrity of your data, but may
cause minor disruption to the organisation of the disk, such that
it should be tidied up before further use. This file contains
information on how do perform this tidying, and an explanation of
the error messages that may be encountered.
In the vast majority of cases of interruption to the program,
including all cases of user break-in with ctrl-break, the disk
should remain in a perfectly acceptable, usable condition, causing
DOS no problems. It may well be even more fragmented than before,
but that shouldn't cause any problems that another run of SAFEPACK
wouldn't cure! In rare cases, however, if the interruption occurs
while the directories are being written, two types of 'error' will
be noticed by CHKDSK, namely:
1) Invalid sub-directory
------------------------
Despite sounding serious, the form of this error left by SAFEPACK
is actually very minor, and refers to the fact that the .. entry
at the start of a sub-directory may not point correctly to the
parent directory. Since the parent's entry pointing at the
sub-directory is correct, CHKDSK can fix this fault easily and
automatically if run with the /F switch, i.e. CHKDSK drive: /F.
2) 'Lost' clusters
------------------
This error can occur as moved clusters at the start of a file are
allocated together into a chain before the directory entry
pointing at them is updated, and the originals are only
de-allocated after the directory is updated. If, therefore, the
defragmentation is interrupted in the middle of this process, then
one or other of the chains will be reported by CHKDSK as 'lost'.
As the contents of the chains are identical, either chain is
equally valid, and the 'lost' clusters may safely be freed, making
their disk space available for re-use. This is most simply
accomplished by running CHKDSK with the /F switch, and then
answering NO to the question about whether to convert lost
clusters to files. Should you have any worries about doing this,
however, you can easily answer YES to this question then copy the
files of the form FILExxxx.CHK (all in root directory), to another
sick before deleting them.
--- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 1 ---
If other errors are reported by CHKDSK, it would be unwise to
trust the data on the disk, and it is probably best to re-format
the disk and restore the backup you took before running SAFEPACK.
If any such problems occur, please contact the author, with as
much detail as possible about the circumstances.
SAFEPACK Error Messages
=======================
The majority of SAFEPACK error messages are self-explanatory, and
most refer to user errors on the command-line such as requesting
defragmentation of a non-existent disk. Some, however, require
more explanation.
Multi-tasking environment XXX or FASTOPEN detected
--------------------------------------------------
It is not safe to defragment a disk from within a multi-tasking
environment such as Windows, and SAFEPACK contains checks for the
more common of such environments. If you encounter this message
and are running a multi-tasking environment, terminate the multi-
tasker before re-running SAFEPACK. If FASTOPEN is found, then it
is necessary to reboot after removing FASTOPEN from the CONFIG.SYS
or AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If you really wish to defragment under such
circumstances and understand what you are doing, or if this error
occurs without obvious reason, then the checks may be by-passed
with the /B option. If this error is reported, no writing to the
disk will have occurred.
Error in the File Allocation Table
----------------------------------
SAFEPACK performs a stringent test of the disk's file structure
before starting to defragment it, and will abort with this message
if any errors are found, however minor. Most common errors may be
fixed by running CHKDSK with the /F switch - see the DOS manual
for details. If this error is reported, no writing to the disk
will have occurred.
Insufficient memory for the program to continue
-----------------------------------------------
This error is most likely to occur if there are more than about
5000 files on the disk, or if you have less than 500k of free
memory. Under some circumstances, it may be possible to run
SAFEPACK again with the same options, with success. The disk
should remain fully usable after this error, which is a
'controlled exit'.
--- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 2 ---
Disk read/write errors
----------------------
These may be reported under a variety of names such as write
protect, drive not ready, data error (CRC), seek error, sector not
found, write fault, read fault, or general failure. If any of
these errors occur, then there is likely to be a hardware or
magnetic surface error on the disk concerned, and SAFEPACK will
ask whether to retry or to abort - the normal ignore option is not
provided, as misreads of directory sectors could have disastrous
results. If you have a utility to check &/or repair bad sectors
then this should be used, but otherwise it may be best to reformat
the disk, and restore your backup. Note that errors of this type
are not normally detected by CHKDSK.
SAFEPACK Internal errors
------------------------
SAFEPACK contains several internal error checks to ensure that it
is functioning correctly, and if any of these fail then it aborts,
quoting an error number. These errors should never be seen by
users, but can be produced if another program is accessing the
disk at the same time as SAFEPACK, as can occur if it is used
under a multi-tasking environment with the /B option. Should an
internal error be reported, please check your disk with CHKDSK,
and contact the author, providing as much detail as possible about
the circumstances.
Conclusion
==========
I hope that this file does not scare anyone from using SAFEPACK,
as I have yet to know it fail, but only a fool would believe
himself to have created a perfect program, and I believe that an
honest discussion of potential problems, however unlikely, is
better than pretending that they do not exist.
If nothing else, I hope that this document will persuade users to
perform a full backup of their disk before running ANY
defragmenter, especially one without SAFEPACK's safety features!
--- SAFEPACK Recovery Information --- Page 3 ---